Fuel-oil burner



Oct. 9, 1928.

F. H. MOORE FUEL OIL BURNER Filed Feb. 24, 1927 INVENTOR fZ/d/i Moore ATTORNE'Y Patented Oct. 9, 1928.

UNITED STATES FORD I-I. MOORE, OF KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

FUEL-OIL BURNER.

Application filed February 24, 1927.

My invention relates to fuel oil burners and more particularly to burners for use with the hoods of surface heaters.

The object of my invention is to provide a burner applicable to the hoods of surface heaters that will successfully burn a low grade of fuel oil and that will create a relatively large degree of heat with the fuel burned. A further object is to provide a burner of rugged and simple construction to withstand the rough usage to which a burner for this purpose is subjected.

The structure wherewith I accomplish my objects will be disclosed in the following description illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a View in elevation of my invention.

Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal cross-section of the burner.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary cross sectional view on the line 3-3, Fig. 2.

Referring in detail to the drawings:

1 designates a cylindrical body portion of the device, having a cylindrical longitudinal mixing chamber 2 projected into the lower end and extending through the major portion thereof being limited by interior annular shoulders 3 bounding a reduced opening 4 from the chamber into an expanding conical passage or venturi 5.

An intermediate neck 6 of the body contains said venturi, and an annular flange 7 integral with the body constitutes the upper end thereof, internally threaded at 8 and having an annular shoulder 9 for the threading and seating of an externally threaded nipple 10 having an internal diameter less than the diameter of the larger end of said venturi whereby an annular shoulder 12 is produced.

An elbow 13 is provided having an inter nally threaded lower end 14 whereby it is engaged with the nipple, and an internally threaded outer end 15 for engagement with the air inlet pipe 16, the elbow designed to conduct and direct air from the inlet to the nipple and the venturi, for the mixing chamber.

A spider 17 is provided comprising arms projecting horizontally inward from the neck portion of the body at the upper edge thereof and having an opening 18 on the axis of the body for the projection of a fuel inlet tube 19 that is admitted into the assembly through an opening 20 in the elbow 13, a

Serial No. 1 70,560.

bushing 21 being provided for sealing the opening and for protection of the tube. The fuel tube or pipe is positioned axially in the nipple andventuri elements of the air conduit; and its position is fixed and maintained by the said bushing which is inserted into the elbow on a line centrally perpendicular through the cross section thereof, and by engagement with the spider.

Laterally protruding ears 21 are provided on the lower end of the body portion 1, for attachment to the body of a nozzle 23 by means of outwardly extending ears 24 and the bolts 25. The nozzle comprises a cylindrical cap 26 having an interior cylindrical wall aligning with the inner wall of the body 1, and forming a cavity 27 constituting a continuation of the mixing chamber 2, and a conical convex end wall 28. In the vertical wall of the cap 26 adjacent the juncture of end wall with vertical wall are drilled a ring of ports 29 at declining angles from within outward, corresponding to the declining angle of the conical end wall, whereby the angular inclination of a port is the same as the angular inclination of the end wall. Vertically spaced from the ring of radial ports 29 is another ring of angularly produced ports 30 being slightly larger than ports 29 and having substantially the same declension.

In operation, fuel oil is introduced through the fuel inlet pipe 19, and passes protected through the elbow 13, the nipple 10 and the neck 6, and is emitted into the mixing chamher 2 at the narrower end of the venturi 5. Air coincidently is admitted and passed through the air inlet 16 and the elbow 13, the nipple 10 and the neck 6. The venturishaped outlet by reason of its conical shape gives a direction to the air currents whereby they cross the path of the oil as it enters the mixing chamber and impinge on the walls of the mixing chamber and are deflected therefrom. The result is that the air currents break up the oil completely, and air is thoroughly mixed with the oil within the mixing chamber. The fuel thus atomized is forced under pressure against the convex cud wall and there is deflected against the vertical wall of the cap and out therefrom in a downwardly inclined direction through the ports 29 into the area where it is to be burned.

The conductance of the air and oil in this manner and the direction and ejection of the atomized fuel or gas as described and shown, result, upon ignition of the gas, in the creation of an intense heat, and the uniform spreading of the flame over a comparatively large annular area. The flames spread are deflected back by any hood or similar baflle that may be provided, and fill any such enclosure with a high degree of heat that is substantially completely exercised against a surface to be heated.

Coincidently with the discharge of the atomized oil, or gas, through the ports 29, occurs the discharge of air or a thinner and more gas-like mixture through the perts 3t) aligned with the ports 29 and positioned above them. The air that has passed through the mixing chamber without becoming entangled with the oil particles, and that is emitted through the ports 30, acts as a blower or deflector upon the atomized oil that is being sprayed from the lower ports 29, bear ng down upon the mass of flame and forcing it towards the surface to be heated. The effective functioning of the air currents so emitted from the ports 30 is enhanced 3' reason of the interception of said air currents by any surface heater hood that may be used, whereby the air currents tend to enfold the flames and turn them towards the center of a surface to be heated.

At times when an excess of fuel may be supplied under normal demands, atomized fuel may escape and be propelled outwardly through the air ports 30.

The angular position of the ports 30 may be provided as desired, for example, the said ports 30 having a more acute angle of int rseetion than the enclosed angle of the conical end wall.

I may modify the conformation of the air conduit or passage to meet various concitions, and may provide a plate having perforations of different sizes disposed adjacent the nipple so as to correct any inequalty of the speed or press: ire of the air in any portion of a cross section of the air currents at the venturi.

The closed end wall of the cap performs a useful function by restraining and diverting the atomized fuel through the plurality of radial outlets, and therefore influencing the flame so that it does net pour from the burner directly, and in the present use downward, against the surface to be heated. The end wall therefore prevents the excess heating of the portions of the surface opposite the burner at the expense of peripheral portions.

What I claim and desire to serure by Letters Patent is:

1. An oil burner comprising a tubular bedy portion having a mixing chamber provided with a convex end wall, an air condu t for the mixing chamber having a venturi-shaped outlet, a fuel inlet opening into the mixing chamber at the mouth of the venturi-shaped eutlet, and a plurality of Outlet ports peripheral of the mixing chamber and arranged in spaced rings.

2. An oil burner comprising a tubular body portion having a mixing chamber provided with a convex end wall, an air conduit the mixing chamber having a venturisiaped outlet, a fuel inlet opening into the mixing chamber at the mouth of the venturishaped outlet, and a plurality of outlet ports perioheral of the mixing chamber and arranged in spaced rings, the size of the ports of one ring differing from the size of th pcrts of another ring.

13. An oil burner comprising a tubular be ly portion having a mixing chamber, an air conduit connected to the mixing chaml and a fuel inlet pipe extending through the air conduit and open ng into the mixing 181, a cap closing the mixing chamber and having a convex end wall and a plurality of series of radial outlet channels having angular inclination similar to the inclinatien of said convex end wall.

4. An oil burner comprising a tubular body having a mixing chamber provided with a convex end wall, an air conduit provided with a (Glitllll5l1t}')0l inlet to the mixing chamber, a fuel inlet pipe extending through the air conduit and opening into the mixing chamber at the mouth of the venturhshaped inlet, the tubular body having an annular series of outlet channels extending from the outer periphery of the convex end wall at an inclination similar to the in clination of said end wall, and a second annular series of channels spaced inwardly of the body from said first-named series and inclined at a sharper angle than the same to intersect the extended axes of said firstnamed channels.

In testimony whereof I atiix my signature.

FORD H, MOORE. 

